Tuesday, January 16, 2018

How to change carrier2



How to change carrier:
1. Download Factory Binary, G950U, and the G950W firmware. 
2. Turn off phone
3. Hold down on Bixby button + power + volume down
4. open Odin v3.12.7
5. add the Factory Binary to the AP section of Odin. 
6. Plug your phone into your computer (NEEDS TO BE WINDOWS) with Odin open
7. Make sure your device is connected and recognized by Odin.
8. Click start. 
9. One the phone reboots run the ADB command, adb reboot bootloader
10-12: Deleted because if redundence
13. Put the HOME_CSC of the G950W firmware into the CSC part of Odin (modded)
14. Click start
15. Open IME setting on Factory Binary
16. Type in *#243203855#
17. Select XAC
18. Click install
19. Wait for phone to reboot
20. Once it does open terminal and type in adb shell
21. Then type in echo "XXX" > /efs/imei/mps_code.dat
22. Type in exit into adb shell
23. Type in adb reboot bootloader
24. Flash the G950U firmware of your choosing without Userdata. Also make sure to flash the non-home CSC
25. Enjoy your new carrier!

CSC Values (replace on of these with the "XXX" in step 21):
BST Boost
VZW Verizon 
ATT ATT
USC US Cellular
ACG C Spire
TMK MetroPCS
VMU Virgin Mobile
TFN Tracfone
XAS Sprint
TMB T-Mobile
XAA Unlocked US
SPR Sprint
CCT Xfinity Mobile

Don't entirely know which ones these are:
GCF World Wide
ACG Some Mid West Carriers
LRA A bunch, cant figure it out

switch to any carrier firmware 100%

How to change carrier:
1. Download Factory Binary, G950U, and the G950W firmware
2. Turn off phone
3. Hold down on Bixby button + power + volume down
4. open Odin v3.12.7
5. add the Factory Binary to the AP section of Odin. 
6. Plug your phone into your computer (NEEDS TO BE WINDOWS) with Odin open
7. Make sure your device is connected and recognized by Odin.
8. Click start. 
9. One the phone reboots run the ADB command, adb reboot bootloader
10-12: Deleted because if redundence
13. Put the HOME_CSC of the G950W firmware into the CSC part of Odin (modded)
14. Click start
15. Open IME setting on Factory Binary
16. Type in *#243203855#
17. Select XAC
18. Click install
19. Wait for phone to reboot
20. Once it does open terminal and type in adb shell
21. Then type in echo "XXX" > /efs/imei/mps_code.dat
22. Type in exit into adb shell
23. Type in adb reboot bootloader
24. Flash the G950U firmware of your choosing without Userdata. Also make sure to flash the non-home CSC
25. Enjoy your new carrier!

CSC Values (replace on of these with the "XXX" in step 21):
BST Boost
VZW Verizon 
ATT ATT
USC US Cellular
ACG C Spire
TMK MetroPCS
VMU Virgin Mobile
TFN Tracfone
XAS Sprint
TMB T-Mobile
XAA Unlocked US
SPR Sprint
CCT Xfinity Mobile

Don't entirely know which ones these are:
GCF World Wide
ACG Some Mid West Carriers
LRA A bunch, cant figure it out

its been tested on vzw/sprint/att/tmobile s8 and s8+ with original firmware.. if you flashed the canadian firmware it will not work

1. flash eng boot 
2. adb shell
Code:
echo "TMB" > /efs/imei/mps_code.dat
change TMB to your desired carrier 

3. restart phone 
4. flash the new carrier firmware 


eng boots

BST Boost
VSW Verizon 
ATT ATT
USC USCellular
ACG CSpire
TMK MetroPCS
VMU Virgin Mobile
TFN Tracfone
XAS Sprint
TMB T-Mobile


Tuesday, January 2, 2018

CONTENTS Electronic Basics

CONTENTS

1. Electronic Basics

2. Soldering Techniques

3. Ohm’s Law

4. Electrostatic Electricity

5. How a GSM Cellular Network Operates

6. Cell & Cell Sector Technology Explained

7. The Concept of Cellular technology and the GSM system

8. The GSM Concept

9. SIM Cards, identity numbers,IMSI, PIN, and PUK

10. How Cell Phones Work – the Cell Approach

11. From Cell to Cell

12. Cell Phones & CB Radios

13. Inside a Cell Phone -Components explained

14. Advanced Mobile Phone System – AMPS

15. Digital System

16. Cellular Access Technologies

17. Cell Phone Towers and Base Stations

TECHNICAL SECTION

18. Component Identification – Base Band, RF Section, Control

19. Cellular Phone Repairs – Types of Damages incurred

20. Cellular Phone Repairs – Notes on Batteries

21. Trouble Shooting Steps – Introduction

22. Most Common Components Used in a Cellular Phone and problems that occur.

23. Dissasembly of Cellular Phones

24. Assembly of a Cellular Phone

25. Most Common Problems that occur

26. Cellular Phone Repairs – Replacing a LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)

27. Cellular Phone Repairs – Replacing Speakers

28. Cellular Phone Repairs – Replacing Microphones

29. Cellular Phone Repairs – Replacing Ringers

30. Cellular Phone Repairs – Replacing Charging Block/Systems Connector

31. Cellular Phone Repairs – Replacing Antennas

32. Cellular Phone Repairs – Liquid & Moisture Damaged Phones

33. Cellular Phone Repairs – Refurbishing of Phones

34. Cellular Phone Repairs – Power on Procedure of a Cell Phone

35. Quick Trouble Shooting Guide & Required Action– Cell Phone Batteries

36. Quick Trouble Shooting Guide & required Action – Phone Has No Power – Switches Off

37. Quick Trouble Shooting Guide & Required Action – Phone Has No Power

38. Quick Trouble Shooting Guide & Required Action – Phone Not Charging

39. Quick Trouble Shooting Guide & Required Action – Phone Not Receiving Signal

40. Quick Trouble Shooting Guide & Required Action – SIM CARD related Problems

41. Quick Trouble Shooting Guide & Required Action – Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) problems

42. Quick Trouble Shooting Guide & Required Action – Call Dropping

43. Setting Up your Workshop

44. Tools and Consumables.

45. Possible Examination Questions.

HANDS ON PRACTICAL

You will now get the opportunity to put into practice what you have learnt in the Theory section of the Course

1. Getting Familiar with tools of the trade –
Hot Air Station
Soldering Station
Toolkit
Multimeter
Handling Components.
2. Desoldering and soldering componenets from and onto PC Boards

3. Tracing Faults

4. Repairing Phones – Replacing Key Board Components.

5. BGA (Ball Grid Assembly) component replacement

6. Fitting of Faceplates, casings

7. EXAMINATION

แž‚្แžšឿแž„แž‘ាំแž„แžกាแž™แžŠែแž›แžែแž„แžែแžូแž…-แžើแž‚្แžšឿแž„แžŠែแž›แžូแž…แž“ោះแžœាแž”៉ះแž–ាแž›់แžข្แžœីแžŠแž›់แž‘ូแžšแžŸ័แž–្แž‘

SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 26, 2009


แž‚្แžšឿแž„แž‘ាំแž„แžกាแž™แžŠែแž›แžែแž„แžែแžូแž…-แžើแž‚្แžšឿแž„แžŠែแž›แžូแž…แž“ោះแžœាแž”៉ះแž–ាแž›់แžข្แžœីแžŠแž›់แž‘ូแžšแžŸ័แž–្แž‘

- แžំแžŽแžขแž„់แžែแž“(Antenna Connectors)=แž”ើแžូแž…แž‚្แž˜ាแž“แžŸេแžœា แžฌแž˜ាแž“แžŸេแžœាแž្แžŸោแž™។
- แž€ុแž„แžាแž€់แžขแž„់แžែแž“(Antenna Switches)= แž”ើแžូแž…แž…េแž‰ “searching Network” แžฌแž˜ិแž“แž˜ាแž“แžŸេแžœាแžែแž˜្แžแž„
- แžขแž„់แžែแž“แžាแž„แž€្แžšៅ(Antenna's External)= ~แž”ើแžូแž…แž“ឹแž„แž្แžŸោแž™แžŸេแžœា แžฌแž˜ិแž“แžขាแž…แž‘แž‘ួแž›แž€ាแžšแž ៅแž…ូแž›
- แžขแž„់แžែแž“แžាแž„แž€្แž“ុแž„(Antenna's Internal) ~แž”ើแžូแž…แž“ឹแž„แž្แžŸោแž™แžŸេแžœា แžฌแž˜ិแž“แžขាแž…แž‘แž‘ួแž›แž€ាแžšแž ៅแž…ូแž›
- IC แžŸแž˜្แž›េแž„(Audio IC /COBBA ) ~แž˜ិแž“แžขាแž…แž‘แž‘ួแž›แž€ាแžšแž ៅแž…ូแž›/ แž˜ាแž“แž”แž‰្แž ាแžŸแž˜្แž›េแž„/ แž…េแž‰Contact Service
- แžŸแž˜្แž”แž€แž€្แžšោแž™/ แž€แžŽ្แžាแž›(Back/Middle Housing)~แž”ើแžូแž…แž‘ូแžšแžŸ័แž–្แž‘แž”ិแž‘แž្แž›ួแž“แžœា/ แž˜ិแž“แžขាแž…แž‘แž‘ួแž›แž€ាแžšแž ៅแž…ូแž›
- แž‡ើแž„แž្แž˜(Battery Connectors)~แž”ើแž˜ិแž“แžŠិแž แžฌแžូแž…, แžŸ្แž“ឹแž˜ แž‘ូแžšแžŸ័แž–្แž‘แž“ឹแž„แž†េះแžšแž›แž់ แžฌ แž”ើแž€แž˜ិแž“แž…េแž‰แž—្แž›ើแž„แžែแž˜្แžแž„
- แž”្แž›ុแž€แžŸាแž€(Charging Blocks)~แž”ើแžូแž…แžœាแžŸាแž€แž្แž˜แžុแžŸแž”្แžšแž€្แžšแžី แžฌ แž…េแž‰ “charging failure”
- IC แž្แžšួแžแž–ិแž“ិแž្แž™แž€ាแžšแžŸាแž€(Charging Control IC) ~ แž”ើแžូแž…แžœាแžŸាแž€แž្แž˜แžុแžŸแž”្แžšแž€្แžšแžី แžฌแž…េแž‰ “charging failure”
- Clock Crystal ~ แž”ើแžូแž…แž˜៉ោแž„แžŠើแžšแž˜ិแž“แž្แžšូแžœ
- CPU ~ แž”ើแžូแž…แž”ើแž€แžขแž់แž…េแž‰แž—្แž›ើแž„, แžขแž់แž˜ាแž“แžŸេแžœា, แž˜ិแž“แž˜ាแž“แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แž…ាแž˜ួแž™แžšូแž”แž›ើแžขេแž€្แžšแž„់
- Crystals 13mhz / Crystals 26mhz ~ แž”ើแžូแž…แž”ើแž€แžขแž់แž—្แž›ើแž„, แž‘แž‘ួแž›แžŸេแžœាแž្แžŸោแž™
- Eeprom ~ แž”ើแžូแž…แž”ើแž€แžขแž់แž—្แž›ើแž„, แžŸេแžœាแž្แžŸោแž™/ แž‚្แž˜ាแž“แžŸេแžœា
- Elastama ~ แž”ើแžូแž…แžขេแž€្แžšแž„់แž…េแž‰แž–្แžšាแž›แŸ—, แžฌแžขแž់แž…េแž‰แžšូแž”แžែแž˜្แžแž„
- Filter IF แž‘ីแž˜ួแž™/ Filter IFแž‘ីแž–ីแžš ~ แž”ើแž˜ាแž“แžŽាแž˜ួแž™แžូแž…แžœាแž“ឹแž„แž”ើแž€แž˜ិแž“แž…េแž‰แž—្แž›ើแž„, แžฌแž‘แž‘ួแž›แžŸេแžœាแž្แžŸោแž™
- แž្แžŸែFlex(Flex Cables)~ แž”ើแžូแž…แž˜ិแž“แž˜ាแž“แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แžšូแž”แž›ើแžขេแž€្แžšแž„់, แž“ិแž™ាแž™แžŸ្แžាแž”់แž‚្แž“ាแž˜ិแž“แžญ, แž˜ិแž“แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แž–េแž›
- แžŸ្แž“ាแž”់แžាแž„แž€្แž“ុแž„ ( Inner Connectors) ~ แž”ើแžូแž…แž˜ិแž“แž˜ាแž“แž–แž“្แž›ឺ, แž”ើแž€แžขแž់แž…េแž‰แž—្แž›ើแž„, แž˜ិแž“แž˜ាแž“แžŸแž˜្แž›េแž„
- แž€แž›ាแž”៊ុแž™แžុแž„แž…ុแž…แž€្แžšោแž˜แž‚្แžšแž”់แž›េแž(Keypad Membranes) ~แž”ើแžូแž…แž–េแž›แž…ុแž…แžœាแžŠំแžŽើแžšแž€ាแž˜ិแž“แž្แžšឹแž˜แž្แžšូแžœ។
- แž”៊ុแž™แžុแž„แž…ុแž…แž‚្แžšแž”់แž›េแž(KeyPads )~ แž”ើแžœាแžូแž…แž…ុแž…แž‘ៅแž‚ាំแž„แŸ—, แžฌแž…ុแž…แž˜ិแž“แžŠំแžŽើแžšแž€ាแžš
- แžขេแž€្แžšแž„់แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰(LCD Displays) ~แžขាแž…แžូแž…แžŠូแž…แž‡ា แž…េแž‰แž”แž“្แž‘ាแž់แŸ—, แž…េแž‰แž†្แž€ូแžแŸ—, แž…េแž‰แžšូแž”แž†េះแŸ—, แž–្แžšាแž›แŸ—…
- แž˜ិแž€(Microphones )~แž”ើแžូแž…แž—ាแž‚ីแž˜្แžាแž„แž‘ៀแžแžŸ្แžាแž”់แžขแž់แžญแž™ើแž„แž“ិแž™ាแž™
- IC แž”្แžšេแž€แž„់แž€แžŽ្แžាแž›(Middle Freq IC) ~แž”ើแžូแž…แž˜ិแž“ แžฌแž‘แž‘ួแž›แžŸេแžœាแž្แžŸោแž™
- แžขាំแž—្แž›ីแžขแž“ុแž—ាแž– (Power Amplifier) ~แž”ើแžូแž”แž‚្แž˜ាแž“แžŸេแžœា, แž‘ូแžšแžŸ័แž–្แž‘แžšแž›แž់, แž ៅแž˜ិแž“แž…េแž‰
- IC แž្แžšួแžแž–ិแž“ិแž្แž™แžាแž˜แž–แž›แž…แžšแž“្แž( Power Control IC) ~แž”ើแžូแž…แž‘ូแžšแžŸ័แž–្แž‘แž”ើแž€แž˜ិแž“แž…េแž‰แž—្แž›ើแž„แžែแž˜្แžแž„
- IC แž•្แžแž›់แž…แžšแž“្แž(Power Suppy IC) ~แž”ើแžូแž…แž”ើแž€แž˜ិแž“แž…េแž‰, แž…េแž‰ “sim card rejection”
- แž€ុแž„แžាแž€់(Power Switches) ~แž”ើแžœាแžូแž… แž‘ូแžšแžŸ័แž–្แž‘แž˜ិแž“แžขាแž…แž”ើแž€แž—្แž›ើแž„
- RF Signal Processor ~แž”ើแžូแž…แž˜ិแž“แž˜ាแž“แžŸេแžœា, แžขាแž…แž”៉ះแž–ាแž›់แžŠแž›់แž”្แžšแž—แž–แž…แžšแž“្แžแž•្แžแž›់แžฒ្แž™แžœាแžŠែแžš
- แž€แž“្แžឹแž„แžšោแž‘ិ៏(Ringers) ~แž”ើแžូแž…แž“ឹแž„แž˜ិแž“แž˜ាแž“แžŸแž˜្แž›េแž„แžšោแž‘ិ៏ แžฌแžŸแž˜្แž›េแž„แžšោแž‘ិ៏แž្แžŸោแž™
- RX/TX Signal Processor ~ แž”ើแžូแž…แž˜ិแž“แž˜ាแž“แžŸេแžœា แžฌแžŸេแžœាแž្แžŸោแž™
- แž”្แžšแžŠាแž”់แž‘แž”់SIM(SIM Holders)~ แž”ើแžូแž…แž–េแž›แžŠាแž€់แžŸ៊ីแž˜แž…ូแž›แž…េแž‰ “insert SIM” แžฌ “incorrect PIN code”
- แž‡ើแž„ SIM(SIM Readers) ~ แž”ើแžូแž…แž–េแž›แžŠាแž€់แžŸ៊ីแž˜แž…ូแž›แž…េแž‰ “insert SIM” แžฌ “incorrect PIN code”
- แž”្แžšแž–័แž“្แž’แžŒុแž™แžាแž„แž€្แžšៅ(System Connctors) ~ แž”ើแžូแž…แž‘ូแžšแžŸ័แž–្แž‘แž“ឹแž„แž˜ិแž“แžŸាแž€
- VCO ~แž”ើแžូแž…แž”ើแž€แž˜ិแž“แž…េแž‰แž—្แž›ើแž„แžฌแž˜ិแž“แž˜ាแž“แž…แžšแž“្แžแž”แž‰្แž‡ូแž“แž‘ៅ RF
- แžŠុំแž‰័แžš(Vibrators) ~ แž”ើแžូแž…แž‘ូแžšแžŸ័แž–្แž‘แž“ឹแž„แž˜ិแž“แž‰័แžšแž“ៅแž–េแž›แž™ើแž„แž”ើแž€ “Vibrators ON”
- แž”៊ុแž™แžុแž„แž”ើแž€แžŸแž˜្แž›េแž„, (Volume Switches) ~แž”ើแžូแž…แž‘ូแžšแžŸ័แž–្แž‘แžขាแž…แž˜ិแž“ แžแž˜្แž›ើแž„ แžฌ แž”แž‰្แž…ុះแžŸแž˜្แž›េแž„
- แž្แž˜(Battery) ~ แž”ើแžូแž…แž‘ូแžšแžŸ័แž–្แž‘แž˜ិแž“แžขាแž…แž”ើแž€แž—្แž›ើแž„

*** PA= Power Amplifier(แžขាំแž—្แž›ីแžขแž“ុแž—ាแž–): แžើแžœាแž’្แžœើแž€ាแžšแžข្แžœីแž្แž›ះ? แž េแžុแžข្แžœីแž‚េแž”្แžšើแžœាแž“ៅแž‘ិแž“ោះ? ***
PA แž”ើแžœាแžូแž…แž“ឹแž„:
• แž”แžŽ្แžាแž‰แž…แžšแž“្แž(Drains power)แž˜ាแž“แž”แž‰្แž ា
•แž…េแž‰แžŸេแžœាแŸกแŸ แžœិแž“ាแž‘ីแž”ាแž់แž‘ៅแžœិแž‰
•แž‘ូแžšแžŸ័แž–្แž‘แž˜ិแž“แž…េแž‰แž—្แž›ើแž„, แž…แžšแž“្แžแž”ូแž€(+) แž“ិแž„ แžŠแž€(-)แž†្แž›แž„แž…ូแž›แž‚្แž“ា
•แž˜ិแž“แž˜ាแž“แžŸេแžœា(No signal)
•แž ៅแž˜ិแž“แž…េแž‰(No transmitting)
•แž‘ូแžšแžŸ័แž–្แž‘แžšแž›แž់แž–េแž›แž ៅแž…េแž‰
•แž”ាแž់แž”្แžšេแž€แž„់(Band) แžŽាแž˜ួแž™ 900/1800MHz
•แž‘ូแžšแžŸ័แž–្แž‘แžšแž›แž់แžœិแž‰แž“ៅแž–េแž›แžœាแžกើแž„แžŸេแžœា

แžើแž‚េแž”្แžូแžš PA แž…េแž‰แž™៉ាแž„แž˜៉េแž…?
•แžŠាแž€់ Flux แžฌ แž‡័แžšแžŸ្แžšแž›់แžិแž…แŸ—แž‡ុំแžœិแž‰ PA
•แž•្แž›ុំแž€ំแžŠៅแž‡ាแž˜ួแž™แž˜៉ាแžŸ៊ីแž“แž•្แž›ុំ(Hot air station)แžšแž ូแžแžŸំแžŽแž‡ុំแžœិแž‰แžœាแžšแž›ាแž™(แžŸំแžŽแž“ឹแž„แž…េแž‰แž–แž“្แž›ឺแžšแž›ោแž„)
•แž™แž€แž្แžšแž”ៀแž(tweezer) แž›ើแž€แžœាแžกើแž„, แž្แžšូแžœแž”្แžšแž™័แž្แž“แž”្แžšแž™ែแž„แž˜ិแž“แž្แžšូแžœแžฒ្แž™แž”៉ះแž–ាแž›់แž‚្แžšឿแž„แž•្แžŸេแž„แž‘ៀแžแž‡ុំแžœិแž‰แžœា
•แž›ាแž„ แžŸแž˜្แžขាแžแž‡ើแž„แž›ើแž”แž(Clean the contacts)
•แžŠាแž€់ PA แž្แž˜ីแž…ូแž›, แž•្แž›ុំแž€ំแžŠៅแž‡ាแž˜ួแž™แž˜៉ាแžŸ៊ីแž“แž•្แž›ុំ(Hot air station)แžšแž ូแžแžŸំแžŽแž‡ុំแžœិแž‰แžœាแžšแž›ាแž™แž˜្แžแž„แž‘ៀแž
•แžฌแž•្แžŸាแžšแžœាแž…ូแž›แž‡ាแž˜ួแž™แž€្แž”ាแž›แž˜ាแž“់แžŠែแž›แž˜ាแž“แž‚ុแžŽแž—ាแž–
•แž”ើแž˜ាแž“แž–៌แžแž˜ាแž“แž–ី PA แžŸូแž˜แž‡ួแž™แž”แž“្แžែแž˜แž‚្แž“ា ,,,

แžขแž€្แžŸแžšแž€ាแž់แžŠែแž›แž‘ាแž€់แž‘แž„แž‡ាแž˜ួแž™แž”្แžšแž–័แž“្แž’แž‘ូแžšแžŸ័แž–្แž‘

SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 27, 2009


แžขแž€្แžŸแžšแž€ាแž់แžŠែแž›แž‘ាแž€់แž‘แž„แž‡ាแž˜ួแž™แž”្แžšแž–័แž“្แž’แž‘ូแžšแžŸ័แž–្แž‘

แžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แžข្แž“แž€แžŠែแž›แž្แžšូแžœแž€ាแžšแžœាแž”៉ុแžŽ្แžŽោះ
IMSI = International Mobile Subscriber Identity
MCC = Mobile country code
MNC = Mobile Network Code
MSIN = Mobile Subscriber Identification Number
PLMN = Public Land Mobile Network
MSC = Mobile Switching Centre
VLR = Visitor Location Register
HLR = Home Location Register
LAI = Location Area Identity
BSC = Base Station Controller
NSS = Network Subsystem
PAGCH = Paging Channel
AuC = AuthenticationCenter
SRES = signed response
BTS = Base Transceiver Station
MS = Mobile Station
TDMA = Time division multiple access
RLP = Radio Link Protocol
IWU = Inter Working Unit
FSK = Frequency Shift Keys
LAPD = link access procedure D-channel
SABM =Set Asynchronous Balanced Mode
UA = Use Air Interface
SCCP = Signalling Connection Control Part
GPS = Global Positioning System
COO = Cell Of Origin
>>>>>แž˜ាแž“แž…្แžšើแž“แž‘ៀแžแž‘ុแž€แž›ើแž€แž€្แžšោแž™>>>>>

แžขแž‚្แž‚ិแžŸแž“ីแžŸ្แžិแžិ (Electrostatic Electricity)


แžขแž‚្แž‚ិแžŸแž“ីแžŸ្แžិแžិ (Electrostatic Electricity)

แžขแž់แžŠឹแž„แžាแž‚េแž”แž€แž”្แžšែแž‡ាแž—ាแžŸាแž្แž˜ែแžšแž™៉ាแž„แž˜៉េแž…แž‘េ។ แžขแž‰្แž…ឹแž„แž™แž€แž–ាแž€្แž™แž‚េแž˜แž€แž”្แžšើแžŸិแž“แž€៏แž”ាแž“แžŠែแžšแžฒ្แž™แžែแž™ើแž„แž™แž›់แžាแžœាแž‡ាแžข្แžœីแž‘ៅแž”ាแž“แž ើแž™។
Electrostatic Electricity แž‚ឺแž‡ាแžាแž˜แž–แž›(แž…แžšแž“្แž)แžขแž‚្แž‚ិแžŸแž“ីแžŠែแž›แž˜ាแž“แž€្แž“ុแž„ แž”แžšិแž™ាแž€ាแžŸแž‡ុំแžœិแž‰แž្แž›ួแž“แž™ើแž„។ แž™ើแž„แžฒ្แž™แžˆ្แž˜ោះแžាแž”៉ូแž›แž”ូแž€(+)แž˜៉ាแžŸ់แžŠីแžŠែแž›แž˜ាแž“แž•្แž‘ុแž€แž…แžšแž“្แžแž”៉ូแž›แžŠแž€(-)។ แž“ៅแž–េแž›แžœាแž”៉ះแž‚្แž“ាแžœាแž”ាแž“แž”แž„្แž€ើแžแžាแž˜แž–แž›แž˜ួแž™แžŠ៏แžขแžŸ្แž…ាแžš្แž™។
แžšแž“្แž‘ះแž”ាแž‰់แž€៏แž€ើแžแž…េแž‰แž–ីแž”ាแžុแž—ូแžแž“េះแžŠែแžš។
แž˜ាแž“แž‡ាแž„แžŸ្แžšុแž€แž្แž˜ែแžšแž—ាแž‚แž…្แžšើแž“แž˜ិแž“แž…ូแž›แž…ិแž្แžแž”្แžšើ แžฌแž—្แž›េแž…แž‚ិแžแžŠแž›់แž•แž›แž”្แžšแž™ោแž‡แž“៏แžšแž”แžŸ់แžœាแž“ៅแžกើแž™។
แž•แž›แž€ើแžแž…េแž‰แž–ីแžขแž‚្แž€ិแžŸแž“ីแžขាแž€ាแžŸแžขាแž… ”แž”ំแž•្แž›ាแž‰” IC CMOS แž“ិแž„แž‚្แžšឿแž„แžขេแžกិแž…แž្แžšូแž“ិแž…แž•្แžŸេแž„แž‘ៀแž។
แžœាแž‡ាแž€ាแžš “แžŸំแžាแž“់แž”ំแž•ុแž” แžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แž™ើแž„แž”្แžšើแž€្แž“ុแž„แž€ាแžšแž‡ួแžŸแž‡ុแž›แž‘ូแžšแžŸ័แž–្แž‘แž…แž›័แž។
แž ្แž˜แž់แž…แž់ แž”្แžšុแž„แž”្แžšแž™័แž្แž“ ”แž”្แžšើแžœាแž‡ាแž”្แžšแž…ាំ”
แž—ាแž–แž˜ិแž“แž”្แžšแž™័แž្แž“แž”្แžšแž™ែแž„ แžŠោแž™แž‚ិแžแžាแžœាแž˜ិแž“แžŸំแžាแž“់แžขាแž…แž‡ាแž˜ូแž›แž េแžុแž“ាំแžฒ្แž™แžាแžแž”แž„់แž›ុแž™แž€ាแž€់แž“ិแž„แž€៏แžขាแž…
แž”ំแž•្แž›ាแž‰แž‡ីแžœិแžแž‚្แžšឿแž„แž‘ាំแž„แžกាแž™แž€្แž“ុแž„แž‘ូแžšแžŸ័แž–្แž‘แž•แž„แžŠែแžš។
แžœាแž‘ាแž˜แž‘ាแž…ាំแž”ាแž…់แž”ំแž•ុแžแžŠែแž›แž‡ាแž„แž‘ូแžšแžŸ័แž–្แž‘แž‘ាំแžกាแž™แž្แžšូแžœแžែแž–ាแž€់แž‡ាแž”់แž€แžŠៃแž‡ាแž˜ួแž™ Electrostatic Electricity แž“ៅแž–េแž›แž™ើแž„แž€ាแž“់แž‚្แžšឿแž„แžฌ PCB แž‘ូแžšแžŸ័แž–្แž‘แž‡ួแžŸแž‡ុแž›។แž្แž‰ុំแž’្แž›ាแž”់แžญแž‡ាแž„แŸ—แžា “แž‚្แžšាแž“់แžែ’แžŠោះแžŠូแžšแž្แžŸែ แžŠូแžšแžขេแž€្แžšแž„់។แž›។แžœាแž€៏แž”ើแž€แž˜ិแž“แž…េแž‰แž—្แž›ើแž„แžែแž˜្แžแž„แž˜ិแž“แž”ាแž…់แž‚ិแžแž€៏แžข្แž“แž€แž”แž…្แž…េแž€แž‘េแžŸแžขាแž…แžŠឹแž„แž–ីแž˜ូแž›แž េแžុแžšួแž…แž‘ៅแž ើแž™។
แžšแž”ៀแž”แž‚្แžšแž”់แž‚្แžšแž„(แž€ាแž“់) IC CMOS แž“ិแž„ แž‚្แžšឿแž„แž•្แžŸំแžขេแžกិแž…แžแžšូแž“ិแž€(Electronic Components)
FET (Field Effect Transistors) แž“ិแž„ IC แž‘ាំแž„แžกាแž™แž…្แžšើแž“แž•្แžŸំแžกើแž„แž–ីแž›ោแž แžŠែแž›แž˜ាแž“แžขុแž€แžŸ៊ីแžแž€แž˜្แž˜แžŠោแž™แž”្แžšើแž”แž…្แž…េแž€แžœិแž‘្แž™ា។ CMOS แž˜แž€แž–ីแž–ាแž€្แž™แžា Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
แž្แžšแž„់แžŸ៊ីแžŸ្แž‘័แžš CMOS แž“ិแž„ IC แž‘ាំแž„แžกាแž™แžœាแž“ឹแž„แžូแž…แžŠោแž™แžŸា ELECTROSTATIC ELECTRICITY
Electrostatic Electricity แž˜ិแž“แž›្แžขแž‘េแžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แž“ៅแžំแž”แž“់แžŸ្แž„ួแžแž“ិแž„แž“ៅแž€แž“្แž›ែแž„แžŠែแž›แž‚្แžšแž˜แžŠោแž™แžŸាแžšแž’ាแžុแž“ីแžกុแž„(Nylon)
แž“ៅแž–េแž›แž™ើแž‘ិแž‰ แž្แžšแž„់แžŸ៊ីแžŸ្แž‘័แžšCMOS, ICs…แž‚េแžែแž„แžŠាแž€់แž‚្แžšឿแž„แž“ោះแž€្แž“ុแž„แž€แž‰្แž…แž”់แž–ិแžŸេแžŸแžŠែแž›แž˜ាแž“แž›แž€្แžแžŽแž€ាแžšแž–ាแžšแž‘แž”់แž‘แž›់แž”ិแž™ាแž€ាแžŸแž˜ិแž“แž›្แžขแžាแž„แž€្แžšៅแžฌแž€ាแžšแž–ាแž‡ើแž„แž‚្แžšឿแž„แž“ោះแžœៀแž…แž†្แž›แž„แž‚្แž“ាแžขាแž…แž“ាំแžฒ្แž™แžូแž…។
แž”្แžšแžŠាแž”់แžŠាแž€់ IC แž្แžšូแžœแžែแž˜ាแž“แž‘ំแžšแž˜ាแž“แž›ំแž“ឹแž„។
แž‡ាแž“ិแž…្แž…แž‡ាแž€ាแž›แž្แžšូแžœแžែแž‘ុแž€ IC แž€្แž“ុแž„แž€แž‰្แž…แž”់แžŠែแž›แž˜ាแž“แž”្แžšแžŠាแž”់แž€ាแžšแž–ាแžšแžšแž ូแžแžŠแž›់แž–េแž›แž™ើแž„แž្แžšូแžœแž€ាแžšแž”្แžšើแžœា។
แžขแž„្แž‚ុแž™แž…ុះ, แž‚ួแžšแž“ៅแž€แž“្แž›ែแž„แžŠែแž›แžាแž„แž€្แžšោแž˜แž˜ិแž“แž˜ាแž“แžŸាแžšแž’ាแžុแžข៊ីแžŸូแžกแž„់แžšួแž…แž—្แž‡ាแž”់แžŠៃแžšแž”แžŸ់แž™ើแž„แž‡ាแž˜ួแž™แž˜៉ាแžŸ់แžŠី។ แž’្แžœើแžŠូแž…แž“េះแžœាแž‡ួแž™แž”แž‰្แž…ុះแžាแž˜แž–แž›แž…แžšแž“្แžแžŠែแž›แž˜ាแž“แž•្แž‘ុแž€แž€្แž“ុแž„แž្แžกួแž“แžšแž”แžŸ់แž™ើแž„។แž”แž“្แž‘ាแž”់แž“េះแž™ើแž„แžขាแž…แž…ាแž”់แž€ាแž“់ IC แž”ាแž“แž ើแž™។
!!!!!แž ាแž˜แž™แž€แžŠៃแž…ុแž…แž›ើแž‡ើแž„แžšแž”แžŸ់แžœា!!!!!
แžŠាแž€់ IC แžฒ្แž™แž្แžšូแžœแž‘ិแžŸแžŠៅแž“ិแž„แž˜ិแž“แžฒ្แž™แž‡ើแž„แžšแž”แžŸ់แžœាแž€ោแž„แžกើแž™

แžŸំแž‚ាแž›់แž…ុแž„แž€្แžšោแž™: แž្แžšូแžœแž€แž់แžŸំแž‚ាแž›់แžាแž‚្แžšោះแž្แž“ាแž€់แž“ិแž„แž€ាแžšแžូแž…แžាแž แžขាแž…แž”แžŽ្แžាแž›แž˜แž€แž–ីแž™ើแž„แž€ាแž“់แž‘ូแžšแžŸ័แž–្แž‘แžŠោแž™แž•្แž‘ាแž›់แž“ៅแž–េแž›แžŠែแž›แž្แž›ួแž“แž™ើแž„แž€ំแž–ុแž„แž•្แž‘ុแž€แž…แžšแž“្แžแž‡ាแž˜ួแž™ STATIC ELECTRICITY!

Monday, November 27, 2017

GETTING STARTED WITH ELECTRONICS




แž‘ីแž“េះแž™ើแž„แž“ឹแž„แžŸំแžŠៅแž›ើแž˜ូแž›แžŠ្แž‹ាแž“แž‚្แžšឹះแž“ៃแžขេแžกិแž…แž្แžšូแž“ិแž…แž“ិแž„แžขแž‚្แž‚ីแžŸแž“ី


แžข្แžœីแž‘ៅแžŠែแž›แž ៅแžា แž‚្แžšៀแž„แžขេแžกិแž…แž្แžšូแž“ិแž…?

แžขេแžกិแž…แž្แžšូแž“ិแž…แž‚ឺแž”แž…្แž…េแž€แžœិแž‡្แž‡ាแž‡ាแžœិแž‘្แž™ាแžŸាแžŸ្แž្แžšแž‘ាแž€់แž‘แž„แž“ឹแž„แž“ិแž„แž…แžšแž“្แžแžขแž‚្แž‚ិแžŸแž“ី។ 


แž€្แžšាแž ្แžœិแž…แž“ិแž„แž“ិแž˜ិแž្แžแžŸแž‰្แž‰ា(Schematics and Symbols)

แž“ៅแž…ុแž„แž”แž‰្แž…แž”់แž“ៃแž˜េแžšៀแž“แž“េះแžข្แž“แž€แž“ឹแž„แž™แž›់แž–ីแžšแž”ៀแž”แžขាแž“แžŸេแž˜៉ាแž‘ិแž… แž“ិแž„แž”แž„្แž€ើแžแžŸៀแž‚្แžœីแžขែแžกិแž…แž្แžšូแž“ិแž…។
แžŽែแž“ាំแžŸแž˜ាแžŸแž’ាแžុแž្แž˜ីแž“ីแž˜ួแž™แžšួแž˜แž”แž‰្แž…ូแž›แž“ិแž˜ិแž្แžแžŸแž‰្แž‰ាแžŸេแž˜៉ាแž‘ិแž…แžšแž”แžŸ់แžœា។ 
แž‘ីแž“េះแž“ឹแž„แž‡ួแž™แžข្แž“แž€แž…ាแž”់แž•្แžើแž˜แž™แž›់แž–ីแž‚ំแž“ូแžšแž‘ាំแž„แž“េះ។

แžŸแž˜្แž—ាแžšៈแž“ិแž„แžงแž”แž€แžšแžŽ៍(Materials and Tools)

แž…แž„់แž›េแž„แž‡ាแž˜ួแž™แž‚្แžšៀแž„แžขេแžกិแž…แž្แžšូแž“ិแž…แžแž˜្แžšូแžœแžฑ្แž™แžข្แž“แž€แž‘ិแž‰แžŸំแž—ាแžšៈแž“ិแž„แžงแž”แž€แžšแžŽ៍แž‡ាแž…្แžšើแž“។

แžាแž„แž€្แžšោแž˜แž“េះแž‡ាแž”แž‰្แž‡ីแž“ៃแžงแž”แž€แžšแžŽ៍แžŠែแž›แžข្แž“แž€แž“ឹแž„แž្แžšូแžœแž€ាแžšแžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แž˜េแžšៀแž“แž“េះ។ 
แž™ើแž„แž“ឹแž„แž”แž„្แž ាแž‰แž–ីแžœាแž“ិแž˜ួแž™แŸ—แžฑ្แž™แž€ាแž“់แžែแžŸ៊ីแž‡แž˜្แžšៅแžែแž˜แž‘ៀแž។



แž‚្แžšឿแž„แžขេแžกិแž…แž្แžšូแž“ិแž…แž˜ូแž›แžŠ្แž‹ាแž“  Basic electronics kit




แž្แžŸែแž្แžŸែแž›ួแžŸ22AWG  22AWG stranded core wire


22AWG แž្แžŸែแžŸ្แž“ូแž›แžšឹแž„  22AWG solid core wire


แž€្แžាแžšแž”แž“្แž‘ះแž‚ំแžšូ Breadboards





แž“ាแžกិแž€ាแžšแžœាแžŸ់ Multimeter





แžេแžŸ្แž amp 





แžŠแž„្แž€ាแž”់แž€ាแž់แž្แžŸែแž›ួแžŸ Wire cutter





แžŠแž„្แž€ាแž”់แž€ាแž់แž្แžŸែ Snippers



แž˜៉ាแžŸ៊ីแž“แž•្แž›ុំแž€ំแžŠៅแžŸแž˜្แž„ួแž Heat gun




แž‘ុแž™แž™ោ แž ្แž‚ែแž“ Shrink tube




แž្แžŸែแžแž€ូแžœ แž—្แž‡ាแž”់ Jumper cables



แž”្แžšแžขแž”់แžŠាแž€់แž្แž˜แž–ិแž› Battery holders



แž˜៉ូแž‘័แžšแžŸ្แžœាแž“แž”្แžšើแž្แž˜ Power drill


แž•្แž›ែแžŸ្แžœាแž“ Drill bits



แž‘ួแžŽឺแžœិแžŸ Screwdrivers


แž‘ួแžŽឺแžœិแžŸแžូแž…แŸ— Mini screwdriver set





แž€แž“្แž្แžšៃ  Scissor





แž€ូแž“แž€ាំแž”ិแžแžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แž€ាแž់ Razor blade



แžšแžŽាแžขាแžšแžŠែแž€ Hacksaw




แžŠแž„្แž€ាแž”់แž€ាแž់ แž”្แžšแž—េแž‘แž’ំ Diagonal cutting pliers


แžงแž”แž€แžšแžŽ៍แž–แž ុแž”្แžšแž™ោแž‡แž“៍  Multipurpose tools



แž˜៉ាแžกេแž Adjustable wrench





แžŠแž„្แž‚ុំแž…ាแž”់ C-clamps




แž្แžŸែแžšឹแž Zip ties




แž€ាំแž—្แž›ើแž„แž€ាแžœแž‘ៀแž“ Hot glue guns




แž”แž“្แž‘ាแž់ Rulers





แž ្แžœឺแžแž›แž”់แž˜ិแž“แž‡្แžšះ Permanent marker

แž‰แž‰ួแžšHammer





แžˆុแžแž€្แž”ាแž›แž˜ាแž“់แž•្แžŸាแžš Soldering iron kit




แž”្แžšแžŠាแž…់แž•្แžិแžแžŸแž˜្แžขាแžแžŸំแžŽแžšแž–ីแž”แž  Desoldering braid



แž€ែแžœแž–แž„្แžšីแž€แžŸแž˜្แžšាแž”់แž‡ំแž“ួแž™ Helping hands




แžขំแž–ុแž›แž—្แž›ើแž„ แž„ាแž™แžŸ្แžšួแž›แž€្แž“ុแž„แž€ាแžšแž˜ើแž›แž•្แžŸាแžš  Desk lamp (optional)




แž€แž„្แž ាแžšแž”ឺแžแž’ូแž›ី Exhaust fan